[vslist] Ph.D. defense : An ecological approach to cognitive expertise
Eric Laurent
laurent@staps.univ-mrs.fr
Thu Oct 16 08:35:02 2003
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Dear vslist readers,
I am announcing the defense of my Ph.D. thesis "AN ECOLOGICAL APPROACH TO
COGNITIVE EXPERTISE".
The defence will be held on Monday 20 October 2003, in Marseilles, France
at the
Centre International de Rencontres Math=E9matiques
CNRS annex (Meeting Room)
163, Avenue de Luminy Case 916
13288 MARSEILLE Cedex 09
France
http://www.cirm.univ-mrs.fr/
If for some reason you are currently (or will be at the time of the defense=
)
in the neighborhood of Marseilles, I would be pleased to welcome you.
You will find a short description of the work below.
Sincerely,
Eric Laurent
-- Eric Laurent
Lecturer, University of Avignon &
E.-J. Marey Federative Research Institute on Movement and Perception
"Expertise" Team
163 Avenue de Luminy, CP 910
13288 MARSEILLE CEDEX 09
FRANCE
e-mail: laurent@staps.univ-mrs.fr
Web: http://www.ericlaurent.com
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Title
AN ECOLOGICAL APPROACH TO COGNITIVE EXPERTISE
=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0
Jury members
Reinoud J. Bootsma (Professeur des Universit=E9s, Universit=E9 de la
M=E9diterran=E9e, Marseille)
I. Jonathan Grainger (Directeur de Recherche au CNRS, CNRS & Universit=E9 de
Provence, Aix-en-Provence)
Hubert Ripoll (Professeur des Universit=E9s, Universit=E9 de la M=E9diterran=E9e,
Marseille, directeur de th=E8se)
Victor Rosenthal (Charg=E9 de Recherche =E0 l'INSERM, INSERM U-324, Paris,
rapporteur)
Bernard Thon (Professeur des Universit=E9s, Universit=E9 Paul Sabatier,
Toulouse, rapporteur)
=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0
Summary
This thesis deals with the development of a functionalist, ecological
approach to cognitive expertise. In the first part, a global review of the
works that focus on cognitive expertise in our application domain (sport an=
d
physical activities) is carried out. The review makes it salient that some
stable characteristics limit the validity of existing models. Main concerns
are related to the neglect of the bounded character of human cognitive
resources, the general and non-specific character of algorithms that are
chosen to give a description of expert processing, the finite, fixed and
adequate character of the perceptual encoding procedures, and the
disembodiment of expertise which is reduced to an accumulation of symbolic
=B3knowledge=B2 stored in long term memory. In order to overcome identified
limits, four major theoretical frameworks are gathered to settle the
foundations of a functionalist approach to conception-perception-action
links: The bounded rationality approach (Gigerenzer et al., 2001), the
ecological approach of the perception-action coupling (Gibson, 1979; O=B9Rega=
n
& No=EB, 2001), interactionist approaches to perception and conceptual
categorization (Harnad, 1987; Goldstone et al., 2000; Schyns et al., 1998),
and microgenetic approaches of forms (Cadiot & Visetti, 2000; Rosenthal,
2002). On this basis, the experimental program is aimed at testing the
hypothesis of a mutual influence between conceptual processes on the one
hand and phenomenal and search perceptual processes on the other hand. The
first experiment shows that oculomotor behaviors of individuals are coupled
as a function of expertise to perception of differences in discrimination
tasks involving schematic scenes of basketball game. This coordination is
dependent upon individual factors but also upon exposure conditions to the
environment: During the second experiment expert visual behaviors and
discrimination performance are changed when the two configurations to
compare are presented under different orientation conditions. In the three
following experiments, the hypothesis of acquired categorical influences on
the perceptual discrimination process was tested and validated in expert
basketball players. An increased sensitivity was found for these individual=
s
when configurations belonged to different categories of players=B9
organization. Nonetheless, data suggest that in experts scene comparison
does not rely on a linguistic labeling process. It seems rather that they
bear on relatively global invariant features whose relevance is linked to
their diagnosticity in conceptual tasks which are effected on a daily basis=
.
Results are interpreted in the framework of categorical perception, and the=
n
a functionalist approach, which links information search processes and
phenomenology of perception to other information processing systems, is
developed. At the end, the concept of environment is discussed and the one
of distributed intentionality is introduced to propose a framework for the
study of coordination between different information processing systems.
Keywords: ecological approach, conception-perception coupling, categorical
perception, categorization, eye movements, forms
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<FONT FACE=3D"Georgia"><BR>
Dear vslist readers,<BR>
<BR>
I am announcing the defense of my Ph.D. thesis "AN ECOLOGICAL APPROACH=
TO COGNITIVE EXPERTISE".<BR>
<BR>
The defence will be held on Monday 20 October 2003, in Marseilles, France<B=
R>
<BR>
at the<BR>
<BR>
Centre International de Rencontres Math=E9matiques<BR>
CNRS annex (Meeting Room)<BR>
163, Avenue de Luminy Case 916<BR>
13288 MARSEILLE Cedex 09<BR>
France<BR>
<FONT COLOR=3D"#0000FF"><U>http://www.cirm.univ-mrs.fr/<BR>
</U></FONT><BR>
If for some reason you are currently (or will be at the time of the defense=
) in the neighborhood of Marseilles, I would be pleased to welcome you.<BR>
<BR>
You will find a short description of the work below.<BR>
<BR>
Sincerely,<BR>
<BR>
Eric Laurent<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<FONT COLOR=3D"#808080"><H6><BR>
-- Eric Laurent<BR>
</H6><FONT SIZE=3D"1"><B>Lecturer, University of Avignon &<BR>
E.-J. Marey Federative Research Institute on Movement and Perception<BR>
</B></FONT><H6>"Expertise" Team<BR>
</H6><FONT SIZE=3D"1"><B>163 Avenue de Luminy, CP 910<BR>
</B></FONT><H6>13288 MARSEILLE CEDEX 09<BR>
FRANCE<BR>
<BR>
</H6><FONT SIZE=3D"1"><B>e-mail: </B></FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE=3D"1"><B><FONT CO=
LOR=3D"#0000FF"><U>laurent@staps.univ-mrs.fr<BR>
</U></FONT><FONT COLOR=3D"#808080">Web: </FONT><FONT COLOR=3D"#0000FF"><U>http:=
//www.ericlaurent.com<BR>
</U></FONT></B></FONT><FONT COLOR=3D"#808080"><H6>```````````````````````````=
`````````````````````<BR>
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</H6></FONT><BR>
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<FONT SIZE=3D"4"><BR>
</FONT><H2>Title<BR>
<BR>
</H2><FONT SIZE=3D"5">AN ECOLOGICAL APPROACH TO COGNITIVE EXPERTISE<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
</FONT>=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0<BR>
<FONT SIZE=3D"4"><BR>
</FONT><H2>Jury members<BR>
</H2><B><BR>
</B>Reinoud J. Bootsma (Professeur des Universit=E9s, Universit=E9 de la M=E9dite=
rran=E9e, Marseille)<BR>
<BR>
I. Jonathan Grainger (Directeur de Recherche au CNRS, CNRS & Universit=E9=
de Provence, Aix-en-Provence)<BR>
<BR>
Hubert Ripoll (Professeur des Universit=E9s, Universit=E9 de la M=E9diterran=E9e, M=
arseille, directeur de th=E8se)<BR>
<BR>
Victor Rosenthal (Charg=E9 de Recherche =E0 l'INSERM, INSERM U-324, Paris, rapp=
orteur)<BR>
<BR>
Bernard Thon (Professeur des Universit=E9s, Universit=E9 Paul Sabatier, Toulous=
e, rapporteur)<BR>
<BR>
=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0=B0<FONT SIZE=3D"4"> <B=
R>
</FONT><BR>
<H2> Summary<BR>
</H2><FONT SIZE=3D"1"><BR>
</FONT>This thesis deals with the development of a functionalist, ecologica=
l approach to cognitive expertise. In the first part, a global review of the=
works that focus on cognitive expertise in our application domain (sport an=
d physical activities) is carried out. The review makes it salient that some=
stable characteristics limit the validity of existing models. Main concerns=
are related to the neglect of the bounded character of human cognitive reso=
urces, the general and non-specific character of algorithms that are chosen =
to give a description of expert processing, the finite, fixed and adequate c=
haracter of the perceptual encoding procedures, and the disembodiment of exp=
ertise which is reduced to an accumulation of symbolic =B3knowledge=B2 stored in=
long term memory. In order to overcome identified limits, four major theore=
tical frameworks are gathered to settle the foundations of a functionalist a=
pproach to conception-perception-action links: The bounded rationality appro=
ach (Gigerenzer et al., 2001), the ecological approach of the perception-act=
ion coupling (Gibson, 1979; O=B9Regan & No=EB, 2001), interactionist approac=
hes to perception and conceptual categorization (Harnad, 1987; Goldstone et =
al., 2000; Schyns et al., 1998), and microgenetic approaches of forms (Cadio=
t & Visetti, 2000; Rosenthal, 2002). On this basis, the experimental pro=
gram is aimed at testing the hypothesis of a mutual influence between concep=
tual processes on the one hand and phenomenal and search perceptual processe=
s on the other hand. The first experiment shows that oculomotor behaviors of=
individuals are coupled as a function of expertise to perception of differe=
nces in discrimination tasks involving schematic scenes of basketball game. =
This coordination is dependent upon individual factors but also upon exposur=
e conditions to the environment: During the second experiment expert visual =
behaviors and discrimination performance are changed when the two configurat=
ions to compare are presented under different orientation conditions. In the=
three following experiments, the hypothesis of acquired categorical influen=
ces on the perceptual discrimination process was tested and validated in exp=
ert basketball players. An increased sensitivity was found for these individ=
uals when configurations belonged to different categories of players=B9 organi=
zation. Nonetheless, data suggest that in experts scene comparison does not =
rely on a linguistic labeling process. It seems rather that they bear on rel=
atively global invariant features whose relevance is linked to their diagnos=
ticity in conceptual tasks which are effected on a daily basis. Results are =
interpreted in the framework of categorical perception, and then a functiona=
list approach, which links information search processes and phenomenology of=
perception to other information processing systems, is developed. At the en=
d, the concept of environment is discussed and the one of distributed intent=
ionality is introduced to propose a framework for the study of coordination =
between different information processing systems.<BR>
<BR>
Keywords: ecological approach, conception-perception coupling, categorical =
perception, categorization, eye movements, forms<BR>
<BR>
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